Insuficiența renala cronica este o problema comuna cainilor si pisicilor. In urma digestiei alimentelor, se produc deseuri care sunt transportate de către sange la rinichi. Rinichiul urmează să filtreze și sa excrete sub forma de urina. În cazul în care rinichii nu mai sunt capabili sa elimine aceste deseuri iar toxinele se acumuleaza in sange apar semnele clinice de boala renala. Toate rasele de orice varsta pot fi afectate, prevalenta crescand cu inaintarea in varsta.
Vârsta medie de diagnostic la câini si pisici este de sapte ani. Rase de caini considerate a fi mai sensibile :
- Cocker spaniel
- Shih Tzu
- Pinscher
- Doberman
- Golden retriever
- Bull terrier
- Ciobanesc german
- Samoyed
Insuficienta renala cronica afecteaza aproape toate rasele de pisici.
Mecanismele care produc boala:
- filtrarea anormală de sange și retentia deseurilor
- dereglarea productiei de hormoni inclusiv a celor care stimulează producerea de celule roșii din sânge (eritropoietină)
- tulburari ale electrolitilor și echilibrului acido-bazic
Boala renala cronica poate fi cauzata de mai multe procese. Acestea pot include boli, dintre care unele pot fi secundare altor procese patologice sau traumatisme, cum ar fi:
- toxinele
- fluxul redus de sange și lipsa de oxigen (ischemie)
- boală inflamatorie
- Infecții
- cancer (neoplazie)
- anomalii ale sistemului imunitar
Manifestari clinice:
- Creșterea consumului de apa
- Creșterea frecventei de urinare
- Letargie
- Varsaturi
- Respirație ingreunata
- Anorexie
- Slabiciune
- Lipsa de coordonare in mers
- Depresie
Diagnostic:
Sunt necesare teste de laborator pentru a identifica Boala renala cronica și a exclude alte boli.
- istoricul medical complet va contine întrebări cu privire la modificarea consumului de apă și frecventa de urinare, expunerea la etilen glicol (antigel), intervenții chirurgicale recente sau anestezie, prezenta/absenta poftei de mâncare, scădere în greutate, boli anterioare, si consumul anterior de medicamente.
- Examen fizic complet
- Teste de Biochimie
- Sumar de urina /Urocultura
- Hemoleucograma completă .
- Ecografie rinichi
- Analiza gazelor din sange
- Raport proteina / creatinină urinara
Tratament :
Desi boala nu se poate vindeca, depistarea precoce poate incetini progresia bolii sub un tratament corespunzator. Boala renala cronica pune viața în pericol, necesită spitalizare și tratament pentru stabilizarea animalelor de companie afectate.
Medicul veterinar va efectua terapia cu fluide, reechilibrarea electrolitilor,reglarea hiperfosfatemiei,tratarea anemiei, monitorizarea atenta a diurezei.
Hrana recomandata va fi dietetica adaptata gradului de afectare renala.
Ingrijire la domiciliu
Insuficiența renala cronica pune în pericol viața animalului de companie, iar dacă observati una din manifestarile clinice descrise mai sus, contactati medicul veterinar cat mai curând posibil.
Hrana pentru animalul tau de companie va fi dietetica, recomandata de medicul veterinar.
Asigurarea accesului liber la apă în orice moment.
Se administreaza toate medicamentele prescrise de catre medicul veterinar.
Preventie
Nu exista recomandări specifice pentru prevenirea insuficienței renale cronice. Cu toate acestea, recomandarile generale includ:
- Observati frecventa de urinare și consumul de apa.
- Evitati accesul animalului la etilenglicol, care poate provoca leziuni renale acute.
- Efectuati un set minim de analize biochimice de screening cel putin o data pe an.
Boli cu semne clinice asemanatoare bolii renale cornice:
- Insuficiență renala acuta (apariția brusca a insuficientei renale)
- Diabetul insipid (o tulburare metabolica datorata insuficientei hormonului ADH )
- Diabetul zaharat ( funcționarea deficitara a pancreasului, care produce și elibereaza insulina)
- Medicamente (diuretice, corticosteroizi)
- Administrarea excesivă de lichide parenteral.
- Hiperadrenocorticismul (boala Cushing)
- Hipercalcemia
- Hipoadenocorticism (boala Addison)
- Hipopotasemia
- Boala de ficat
- Mielom multiplu
- Obstructie partiala a tractului urinar
- Policitemia
- Diureza post-obstructivă
- Pielonefrita
- Piometrul
Placute idei ce merita lecurate si recomandate si prietenilor!
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